The ER stress response caused by inactivation of the ER stress regulator XBP1 promotes mtROS production by impairing mitophagy, which enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis of hepatocytes in acute liver injury (Liu et al., 2022b), whereas up-regulation of PGC-1α and mitofusin 2 lowers mtROS and suppresses NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis in alcoholic liver disease (Kai et al., 2020). Here, NLRP3 is linked to alcoholic liver diseases.