Inhibition of SDH function with dimethyl malonate (DMM), which is hydrolyzed to the competitive SDH inhibitor malonate (Mills et al., 2016; Moosavi et al., 2020), or treatment of adrenocortical cells with the cell-permeable succinate analog diethyl succinate (DES) increased the amount of succinate and the succinate/fumarate ratio in adrenal gland explants (Figure 4A) and human adrenocortical carcinoma cells NCI-H295R (Figure 4B). This evidence concerns the gene SDHB and adrenal cortex carcinoma.