demonstrated an enhanced expression of LAG3, Tnfrsf9 (41BB) and Havcr2 (TIM3) in genetically engineered PDAC mouse model under anti-PD-1 monotherapy (48), supporting the view that combined targeting of different immune regulatory mechanisms might be an efficient strategy to induce a potent tumor directed immunity in PDAC. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.