Interfering with this inhibitory axis by treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) such as Pembrolizumab or Durvalumab revolutionized the therapeutic regimens for multiple cancer entities (15–17), but so far failed in PDAC (18, 19), although considerable PD-L1 expression levels in PDAC cell lines has been reported in PDAC (20–22). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.