TNF and paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome: Furthermore, as IL-1β and TNF-α promote glucocorticoid resistance by activating AP-1 that blocks the binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complex with its cognate response element, the IL-1β and TNF-α-lowering effect of HQH suggests its potential in improving glucocorticoid responsiveness of PNS patients (48, 74, 78).