GAL and neoplasm: As in the aforementioned case of glycoengineered viral vaccines for expression of α-gal epitopes (Figure 8), it was assumed that binding of the patient’s anti-Gal to autologous tumor cells glycoengineered to present α-gal epitopes might result in complement activation, recruitment of APC that will effectively phagocytose the anti-Gal opsonized tumor cells, and cell membranes (Figure 7B).