Similarly, pharmacological inhibition of polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) in small-cell lung cancer results in the inhibition of the DDR pathway and activates the cGAS-STING pathway, evoking an anti-tumour immune response (Sen et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CHEK1 and small cell lung carcinoma.