ATM and cancer: For instance, approximately 10.7% of female patients carry deleterious mutations in cancer susceptibility genes, with 6.1% attributed to breast cancer gene (BRCA) 1/2% and 4.6% involving other susceptibility genes such as checkpoint kinase 2, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), BRCA1 interacting helicase 1, partner and localiser of BRCA2, phosphatase and tensin homolog, nibrin, RAD51C, RAD51D, mutS homolog 6, and PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component (Tung et al., 2016).