TLR5 and neoplasm: Hwang et al. also demonstrated synergy between PDT and tumor-specific peptide vaccination adjuvanted with TLR5 agonist flagellin in a mouse model of melanoma.23 In this study, the combination therapy induced a robust increase in tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells and migratory CXCL10-secreting CD103+ cross-presenting DCs, resulting in systemic antitumor immune responses for both local and abscopal tumor control.