It also resulted in a tendency for better OS, although it is not clear if PBM exerted a direct anticancer effect.56 Consistently, PBM using 904 nm laser treatment of the skin in cancer patients significantly improved PFS and quality of life (QLI) with no dose-limiting toxicity.57 For cancer survivors in this study, an initial increase in TNF-α followed by a decrease was observed in the peripheral blood, although a progressive increase in TNF-α and sIL-2R in nonsurvivors was noted, which demonstrates possible immunomodulatory effects of PBM. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.