In a similar preclinical PDT-immunotherapy combination study in a colorectal cancer model, targeted upconversion nanoparticles (chlorin e6 PS) and immunologic adjuvant, imiquimod (R837) targeting Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) were combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapy of CTLA-4.22 The results of this study showed direct killing of tumors targeted by the nanoparticles and NIR laser, the development of antitumor immunities established by the immunologic adjuvant, and continued immune checkpoint blockade therapy and inhibition of growth of distant tumors. The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is colorectal cancer.