NFE2L2 and Alzheimer disease: As OS is a major hallmark of AD like neurodegeneration [33], studies have reported other factors were also involved in boosting the ROS level, e.g., abnormal Aβ deposition, glial cell activation, homeostatic imbalance of nutrients (trace minerals zinc, iron, and copper) [34], altered cellular signaling pathways, [35] and abnormal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling [36].