AHSG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the present study, we isolated PPAs from patients with normal glucose regulation (PPAs-NGR), prediabetes (PPAs-PD), and type 2 diabetes (PPAs-T2D) and examined the expression level of a large panel of ECM-forming and -degrading components, as well as the effects of fetuin-A and palmitate, on pancreatic fat cell ECM expression and immune cell invasion in vitro.