BDNF and Alzheimer disease: Growing evidence in patients with AD and animal models has shown the beneficial effects of exercise on brain function, proposing multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms: (i) release of neurotrophic factors, mainly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [17]; (ii) modulation of the neuroinflammation [18]; (iii) reduction of oxidative stress [19,20]; (iv) influencing the production of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine [21,22]; and (v) promoting the maturation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neuronal cells [23].