CD69 and Menkes disease: In SD patients, compared to MD patients, the expression pattern was characterized by a significant increase in the expression of: (1) activation markers (CD69: p < 0.05; CD38: p < 0.01); (2) pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-22: p < 0.05 for all comparisons) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10: p < 0.05); (3) chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5: p < 0.05), and (4) host antiviral effector genes (IFITM1 and IFITM3: p < 0.01) (Figure 4).