TNF and Menkes disease: Finally, in plasma samples from MD patients, compared to HC, significantly increased productions of IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), IL-8 (p < 0.05), IL-10 (p < 0.05), IL-17 (p < 0.01), IFNγ (p < 0.05), CCL-2 (p < 0.001), VEGF (p < 0.001), and TNFα (p < 0.05) were observed as well (Figure 5B).