The thioredoxin system (Trx/TrxR) is essential to maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in living organisms through detoxification of harmful metabolites, i.e., ROS; however, the overexpression of the Trx-dependent system can also contribute to the intensifying of the process of oncogenesis, such as by the enhancement of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy via the modulation of both the gene expression and the cell signaling pathways that lead to the regulation of apoptotic pathways in cancer cells [34]. This evidence concerns the gene TXN and neoplasm.