From diseased tissues, 15 MSC were differentially expressed (among them only SCN9A [lower in HF vs. donor] and KCNQ5 [lower in AF vs. SR or CAD] showed a |log2(fold difference)| ≥ 1, and none displayed ≥ 1 order of magnitude difference). This evidence concerns the gene SCN9A and atrial fibrillation.