TNFSF4 and neoplasm: When comparing tumor-infiltrating CD45+ immune cell segments in pre- versus post-treatment biopsies, it was found that post-treatment tumor-infiltrating CD45+ immune cell segments had a reduced protein expression of immune checkpoints VISTA (p = 1.6 × 10−14), PD-L1 (p = 1.1 × 10−6), PD-L2 (p = 7.6 × 10−4), and PD−1 (p = 1.6 × 10−3) and elevated protein expression of T cell activation markers CTLA4 (p = 3.1 × 10−5) and OX40L (p = 1.6 × 10−3) (Figure 7H).