Additionally, other selective A2BAR antagonist, PSB1115, inhibited the expression of chemokines (MCP-1/CCL2 and RANTES/CCL5), inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and IL-6), and fibrotic factors (TGF-β and Collagen I), and decreased the proteinuria and the infiltration/activation of M1 MΦs in the early stage of renal injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model of CKD [36]. Here, CCL2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.