IFNB1 and cancer: Cytokines. After incubation of M0 with cancer cell spheroids for 96 h, the macrophages demonstrated elevated levels of IFNβ (from 42.4 to 376 pg/mL, p = 0.0767), while the levels of NO were downregulated compared to M0 cultivated in the 3D monoculture (from 13 to 9 μM, p = 0.0081) (Figure 8d, Non-polarized).