MMP9 and central nervous system cancer: In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by both KPF-BBR and KPF-ABR in glioma cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and compared with the TPA-treated cells after 72 h of treatment (Figure 9B), suggesting that both KPFs had an anti-migratory effect on glioma cells.