In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), uncontrolled hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, and low concentrations of endogenous insulin are the key factors responsible for the pathogenesis of ED [9], which is in contrast with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where the most important factors are insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.