Recently, while investigating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in metaflammation and obesity development, it was demonstrated that neurotensin (NT), an endocrine hormone secreted by enteroendocrine N-cells of the small intestine in response to fat ingestion [123,124,125], is a significant contributor to gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation after high fat feeding through disruption of the MMP7/α-defensin (DEFA) axis. This evidence concerns the gene MMP7 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.