GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To address these issues, researchers have explored the use of liver or HCC-specific markers [such as Glypican-3 (GPC3), ASGPR], mesenchymal markers (Vimentin, Twist, and E-cadherin), and stem cell markers (such as EpCAM, CD133, CD44, CD90, or ICAM-1) [46,69,70,71].