Notably, statin drugs, which inhibit the HMGCR protein product 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, impact the growth of human theca cells and reduce androgen levels in women with PCOS, consistent with a key role for cholesterol metabolism in the theca cell dysfunction in PCOS [41]. The gene discussed is HMGCR; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.