Insulin resistance increases Aβ production in the brain stimulating β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity; it also impairs normal brain function by reducing insulin signal cascade, reduces the inhibition of Aβ toxicity, and accelerates tau hyperphosphorylation [37]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.