Overall, our data suggest that PTPN11 mutations may sensitize NSCLC cells to PI3K inhibition in particular, which could potentially be tested as a new personalized treatment strategy and could improve the outcomes of as many as 3% of NSCLC patients with PTPN11-mutated tumours who currently do not have molecularly aberration-directed targeted therapy options available for their treatment. The gene discussed is PTPN11; the disease is neoplasm.