In a recently published study on NOD mice, the administration of αPD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTL4-Ab resulted in thyroidal activation of IL-17A +T cells, while blocking IL-17A and TNF-α, an inducer of Th17 cells differentiation, effectively reduced thyroidal autoimmune infiltrates in ICI-treated non-tumor-bearing NOD mice. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.