SPP1 and ovarian neoplasm: Additionally, some recent studies have shown that HE4 is involved in promoting ovarian tumor immune evasion, through influencing expression of two proteins, osteopontin (OPN) and dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6): consequently, through targeting of HE4, it may be possible to downregulate molecular mechanisms that promote tumorigenesis and to restore a normal tumor immune response too [85].