COL1A1 and breast cancer: Furthermore, we identified significant changes in genes related to ECM receptor interaction pathway, including COL1A1, COL4A6, COL6A2, ITGA1, ITGA5, and ITGB6, which are essential for cell support, signaling, invasion, and metastasis [33], suggesting that the modulation of the ECM receptor pathway may also contribute to the synergistic effect of PA + Chi on breast cancer cells.