Thrombin-cleaved OPN (OPN-arginine or OPN-R) and thrombin followed by basic carboxypeptidase double-cleaved OPN (OPN-leucine or OPN-L) were detected at higher levels in cerebrospinal fluid from cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients, and, in tissue biopsies, glioblastoma had increased OPN-R and OPN-L compared to tissues from patients with epilepsy. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and cancer.