One recent study published in March 2023 utilized AGuIX®-design nanoparticles with an MRI contrast agent, porphyrin photosensitizer, and KDKPPR peptide ligand to investigate the influence of macrophage neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) protein expression, a protein known to impact GBM immune response and progression, on the uptake of nanoparticles [64]. The gene discussed is NRP1; the disease is glioblastoma.