TNF and ovarian carcinoma: In preclinical studies, platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy elicit expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in primary human monocytes, macrophages, plasma, and various breast and ovarian cancer cell lines [47,48,49,50,51,52].