The down-regulation of miR-19 expression led to significant proliferation and invasion inhibition of glioma cells in both adult and pediatric, in addition to the induction of cell cycle arrest (G1) and apoptosis through transcriptional control of RUNX family transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) by binding to its mRNA 3′-UTR as well as repression of transcription activity of the β-catenin/transcription factor 4 (TCF4) in tumor cells. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX3 and central nervous system cancer.