INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A recent study demonstrated that exposure of wild-type islets to a low extracellular Mg2+ concentration increased insulin exocytosis when the islets were cultured for 24 h under a high glucose condition that mimicked the T2D hyperglycemic condition [11]; furthermore, knockdown of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (Trpm7) channels, the most abundant Mg2+ channel in β-cells, increased GIIS in rat insulinoma cell line (INS-1) [11].