Safety: In the following two retrospective studies on safety in older IBD patients, VEDO therapy was analyzed against anti-TNF therapies reporting, in the first, a comparable risk for ADR [44] in the two treatment arms without considering CCI or, in the second, a reduced risk for ADR in the VEDO groups (both, CD and UC) in terms of serious infections and infection-related hospitalizations [58]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.