Both circulating or infiltrating monocytes/macrophages associated with AMD, in addition to senescent retinal microglia, have been demonstrated to express SASP, including the inflammatory factors IL-1α, IL1-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, C3, CFB, CXCL1, TGF-β and nitric oxide [43,65]. Here, C3 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.