Immunoblotting confirmed this result and showed that diabetes-induced elevation of other fibrosis markers including collagen IV, CTGF, and fibronectin, and EMT markers such as Snail and Twist were attenuated in the presence of PI3K and ERK inhibitors, but not with the p38 inhibitor (Fig. 7D–J). This evidence concerns the gene SNAI1 and diabetes mellitus.