HMOX1 and ovarian dysfunction: Transferring feces from omega-3 PUFA-treated mice to PCOS mice only increased Ho1 expression in PCOS mouse ovaries, but other antioxidants did not change significantly (Fig. 8M-P). Our data indicated that the mechanisms underlying omega-3 PUFA-regulated improvements in the ovarian dysfunction associated with PCOS likely involve direct effects on the ovary to inhibit inflammation.