Patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atrial fibrillation were also at significantly higher risks of stroke (aHR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.12–1.22; aHR: 1.14; 95% CI 1.08–1.20; and aHR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.43–1.83, respectively) and concurrent medication with corticosteroids, proton pump inhibitor, aspirin, sulfonylurea, and insulin (aHR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.16; aHR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30; aHR 1.42, 95% CI 1.36–1.49; aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11; and aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.47–1.60, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene INS and atrial fibrillation.