Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have become standard of care in both the treatment of the advanced/metastatic and the adjuvant/neoadjuvant setting for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).1, 2, 3, 4, 5 In patients with operable stage III NSCLC, various clinical trials have investigated multimodal treatment strategies incorporating ICIs in the perioperative setting and many trials are still ongoing. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.