NPTN and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, the analysis of the content of stem cell-EVs (human iPSC-derived NSC and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) demonstrated that these vesicles are carriers for proteins and miRNAs associated with neuroprotection and synaptogenesis, as is the case of agrin and neuroplastin; the intranasal administration of such EVs successfully led to increased hippocampal neurogenesis in WT rat and AD mouse brains, respectively 59, 100.