TP53 and neoplasm: Of these, only Gao et al. (2014) assessed a therapeutic outcome; quantifying the percentage of apoptotic tumour cells using TUNEL staining, whereby transfection of either p53 or Rb94 resulted in moderate cell apoptosis, and the combination of both genes significantly increased cell apoptosis, compared to non-treated and blank plasmid-treated controls (5.05 ± 0.8%, 6.43 ± 1.02%, 20.35 ± 2.14%, 0.46 ± 0.05% and 0.48 ± 0.06%, respectively).