Dysregulation of SIRT1-targeting miRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and its complications, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis, hepatic and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, cerebral I/R Injury, spinal cord injury, epilepsy and a number of malignant conditions (Table 1; Figure 1). Here, SIRT1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.