To elucidate the characteristics of myeloid cells or macrophages as a source of IL-1β, we assessed the status of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization according to the M1-macrophage or M2-macrophage phenotype by examining the expression of respective signature genes (12, 19) (Supplementary Figure S3, Table 7). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and neoplasm.