Given that patients with substantially increased serum levels of C-reactive protein and IL-6, direct downstream inflammatory effectors of IL-1β, were eligible for the CANTOS trial, it is possible that clinical development of IL-1β–targeted agents in combination with ICIs might improve outcome in NSCLC patients with high expression of IL-1β as well as IL-8 in tumor tissue. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is neoplasm.