Given that IFN-γ is a well-characterized inducer of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells (23), we examined the effects of IL-1β secreted by macrophages and IFN-γ secreted by T cells, alone or together, on PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cell lines in vitro. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and non-small cell lung carcinoma.