BGP-15 belongs to another class of small molecules and acts as a heat shock protein (HSP) chaperone co-inducer that has been shown to improve muscle architecture, strength and contractile function in severely compromised diaphragm in dystrophic mdx mice (Gehrig et al., 2012), protected against heart failure and atrial fibrillation (Sapra et al., 2014) and also alleviated ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction in the MV + NMBA rat model (Salah et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene HSP90B2P and atrial fibrillation.