We utilized SARS-CoV-2 transcription and replication-competent virus-like particles (trVLP) system, which could recapitulate complete viral life cycle in human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Caco-2-N) (26, 27) , to dissect the potential role of MAGED2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection via knockout (loss-of-function) and ectopic expression (gain-of-function) strategies. Here, MAGED2 is linked to colon carcinoma.