GART and colorectal carcinoma: and demonstrated that glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GART) binds tightly to ATO.[38] GART is a key folate coenzyme in the de novo synthesis pathway that catalyzes the transformation of its substrate glycinamide nucleotides into formylglycinamide nucleotides, so as to influence the formation of nucleotides for DNA replication.[39, 40] GART is highly expressed in certain types of solid tumor, such as liver cancer and glioma, including CRC,[41, 42] which suggests that GART may be closely associated with the development of various malignancies.