S100B and melanoma: About 40% of melanoma survivors (569 900) are younger than 65 years, and 12% (177 310) are younger than 50 years.1 Given its strong invasion and metastasis, novel biomarkers have been explored to realize a more immediate diagnosis and effective treatment of melanoma, such as S100,2 HMB-45,3 Melan-A,4 CSPG4.5 Nonaka et al2 reported that S100 is the most sensitive marker for melanoma, particularly its subtypes S100A1, S100A6, and S100B.