TUBB4A and lung carcinoma: TUBB4 and TUBB3 upregulation is coupled with increased migration of endothelial–mesenchymal transition–induced human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1).39 Also, TUBB4 is necessary for the transport and localization of N-cadherin within the plasma membrane.39 Moreover, nonadherent culture induces paclitaxel resistance in H460 lung cancer cells via ERK-mediated upregulation of βIVa-tubulin.21 The above studies suggest that TUBB4A plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis.