TNF and atherosclerosis: Loss of SREBP2 also significantly decreased expression of genes belonging to the pro-inflammatory pathways “Atherosclerosis Signaling” and “IL8 Signaling,” as well as inhibited the predicted upstream regulators “TNF” and “LPS.” These data sets included several genes that belonged to chemokine signaling and chemoattraction, such as interleukin-6 (IL6), C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1), C-X-C motif chemokine 8 (CXCL8), and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) (Fig. 1D).