Cumulatively, we see that IGF-II depletion phenocopies IGFBP2 anti-invasive action in the TNBC and DCIS.com cell lines, supporting a model of stromal IGFBP2 disrupting proinvasive IGF-II autocrine signaling in cancer cells (Fig. 4M). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP2 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.