CD274 and neoplasm: Researchers such as Tang et al. have investigated the use of hollow Prussian blue nanoparticles encapsulating lactate oxidase and PD-L1 siRNA [31], while Song et al. have utilized carboxymethyl chitosan to target the delivery of doxorubicin and PD-L1 siRNA to tumor sites, leading to enhanced intra-tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect and suppression of PD-L1 expression [32].