TLR4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Overall, E2 induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggered pyroptosis and inhibited autophagy in HCC cells.[189] Treatment of HCC cells with a branched‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, geranylgeranoic acid (GGA; C20:4), promoted Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐mediated cellular autophagy, whereas treatment with VIPER, a specific inhibitor of TLR4 or knockdown of TLR4 reduced GGA‐induced cell death and mitochondrial unfolded protein response.