Further, studies showed that melatonin could be a potential endogenous molecule that exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions for periodontitis by reducing the pro-inflammatory proteins (inteleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and improving key periodontal parameters [20, 21]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and periodontitis.